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Methodist Mission
The Methodist Mission refers to the 19th-century effort by the Methodist Episcopal Church to convert the indigenous of the Oregon Country of the United States to Christianity and introduce them to western culture. Superintendent Jason Lee was the principal leader for almost a decade. It was a political and religious effort. Two years after the mission began, the Church's Board of Foreign Missions described its intent to reclaim "these wandering savages, who are in a very degraded state, to the blessings of Christianity and civilized life."〔Carey, Charles. ''("Methodist Annual Reports." ) ''The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society'' 23, no. 4, 303-364〕 Alongside several missions founded in the region were several secular operations opened to allow for material independence from the Hudson's Bay Company, then the area's preeminent economic force.
The Methodists were active participants in the Oregon boundary dispute, and were part of sending three petitions to United States Congress requesting that the United States extend its jurisdiction over the portion of Oregon Country south of the Columbia River. The Methodist stations became important centers for European-American politics as their staff took part in establishing the Provisional Government of Oregon. Jason Lee's leadership was criticized by members attached to various posts; his failure to provide adequate financial accounting led to his dismissal in 1843 as superintendent. To reduce the financial burdens on the church, many missioin stations were abandoned and the commercial activities were sold off in 1844. While the main station in the Willamette Valley remained active in missionary efforts, it no longer held as much prominence in the changing political scene of Oregon. Despite failure in converting the natives west of the Rocky Mountains, the Methodist Mission played a significant role in the westward expansion of the United States of America.
==Background==
In 1832, four Nez Perce Indians and Salish (also known as Flatheads) traveled to St. Louis, Missouri. They met with General William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition to inquire about the “white man’s God” from the General.〔Lee, Daniel and Joseph H. Frost. (''Ten Years in Oregon'' ), New York City: J. Collard. 1844, pp. 109-111.〕 Upon meeting, they told Gen. Clark that they had come from the land of the setting sun in order to learn about the Christians’ book and the white man’s God. General Clark gave them religious instruction but did not give them a Bible. The Indians returned west, several dying along the way, unaware of the stream of events that they had set in motion.〔
The visit of St. Louis by the delegation was announced by William Walker, a Wydandot Methodist, who published an article in the ''Christian Advocate and Journal.'' The editorial inspired the Methodist Episcopal Church and other churches to begin the first transcontinental missions in Oregon Country.〔Horner, John B. (1919). ''Oregon: Her History, Her Great Men, Her Literature''. The J.K. Gill Co.: Portland.〕 President Wilbur Fisk of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut was the first church leader to respond, by advising the establishment of a mission among the "Flathead" people.〔Hines, Harvey K. (''Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest.'' ) Portland: Marsh Printing Co. 1899〕 A former student of his, Jason Lee, and his nephew Rev. Daniel Lee volunteered to serve as ministers in Oregon.〔 Jason Lee was a young teacher from Ontario, Canada and was involved in missionary work to Indians in that region. Bishop Elijah Hedding ordained Lee into the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, now the United Methodist Church. He was appointed superintendent of the newly created "Aboriginal Mission west of the Rocky Mountains" to preach to the Salish.〔Whaley, Gray. ''Oregon and the Collapse of Illahee U.S. Empire and the Transformation of an Indigenous World, 1792-1859.'' Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.〕 The entrepreneur Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth was contacted by the Methodists to travel overland with his party and to ship supplies around Cape Horn on Wyeth's ship ''May Dacre'', a proposition he agreed to.〔
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